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Yul
Solidity's Sophisticated Brother
The entire content of this textbook can be summarized by the following word: Solidity.
Okay, maybe that's not the case. After all, we spent an entire chapter learning about the mechanics of the EVM. Learning about the EVM helped us understand how our code is actually compiled/run and gave us the foundation to write code that is both more secure and more efficient. However, one can argue that this still catered towards the overarching theme that is Solidity.
In this chapter, we will diverge from learning strictly about Solidity and begin exploring Yul, a "middle-level" programming language that allows us to write code that is "closer" to the EVM when compared to Solidity. Yul is written within Solidity and offers reductions in gas usage when written correctly. However, as it will become apparent in the later parts of this chapter, Yul opens the door for advanced smart contract functionality and phenomena that will make you question your understanding of EVM-compatible blockchains (in a good way, of course).